|
Kazimierz Władysław Bartel ((:kaˈʑimjɛʂ vwaˈdɨswaf ˈbartɛl), (英語:''Casimir Bartel''); 3 March 1882 – 26 July 1941) was a Polish mathematician, scholar, diplomat and politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland three times between 1926 and 1930 and the Senator of Poland from 1937 until the outbreak of World War II.〔https://www.senat.edu.pl/senat/senatorowie-1922-1939/senatorowie-ii-rp/senator/kazimierz-bartel〕 Bartel was appointed Minister of Railways between 1919 and 1920, in 1922–1930 he was a member of Poland's Sejm. After Józef Piłsudski's May Coup d'état in 1926, he became prime minister and held this post during three broken tenures: 1926, 1928–29, 1929–1930. Bartel was the Deputy Prime Minister between 1926–1928 and Minister of Religious Beliefs and Public Enlightenment, when Piłsudski himself assumed the premiership, however, Bartel was in fact "de facto" prime minister during this period as Piłsudski did not concern himself with the day-to-day functions of the cabinet and the government.〔https://www.senat.edu.pl/senat/senatorowie-1922-1939/senatorowie-ii-rp/senator/kazimierz-bartel〕 In 1930 upon giving up politics, he returned to the university as professor of mathematics. In 1930 he became rector of the Lwów Polytechnic and was soon awarded an honorary doctorate and membership in the Polish Mathematical Association. In 1937 he was appointed the Senator of Poland and held this post until World War II. After the Invasion of Poland by the Soviets and subsequent occupation, he was allowed to continue his lectures at the Lwów Polytechnical Institute. In 1940 he was summoned to Moscow and offered a seat in the Soviet parliament. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, on 30 June 1941 the Wehrmacht entered Lwów and Kazimierz Bartel was arrested two days later, and imprisoned by the Gestapo. He was offered to create a Polish puppet government with himself as the head, but refused and, by order of Heinrich Himmler, was shot on 26 July 1941, shortly after the Massacre of Lwów professors has ended.〔http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/person/368,kazimierz-bartel/〕 ==Early life and studies== Kazimierz Władysław Bartel was born on 3 March 1882 in Lwów, Austria-Hungary (later Poland, now Lviv in Ukraine) as the son of Michał Bartel and Amalia Chadaczek. He graduated from elementary school in Stryj and after completing secondary school Bartel studied at the Lwów Polytechnic in the Mechanical Engineering Department. He graduated in 1907 and soon became an assistant in Descriptive Geometry. In 1909 he received his doctoral of technical sciences and subsequently became one of the first title holders of such doctoral within Austria-Hungary. In addition, he also studied mathematics and philosophy at the Franciscan University and at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Bartel employed himself at the University as an assistant in the Department of Geometry. In 1913 he received the title of associate professor and became the head of the Department and in 1917 received the title of professor of mathematics at the Lwów Polytechnic.〔http://www.geni.com/people/Kazimierz-Bartel/6000000019133692485〕〔http://www.pradzieje.klp.pl/slp-187.html〕 Conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I, after the collapse of the empire in 1918 he returned to Lwów, which became part of the newly established Second Polish Republic. In 1919, as commander of railway troops, he fought in the defense of the city against the Ukrainian siege, possibly initiated by the Bolsheviks and the communists of the former Russian Empire, who believed that Lwów should be incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and later the Soviet Union and were determined to enhance the Polish peasants in the east to rise against the Sejm (Polish parliament) and support the soviet dictator Vladimir Lenin instead. They were keen to introduce the communist or socialist government in the Polish Republic. During this period Bartel befriended and later supported Poland's future leader, marshal and commander-in-chief, Józef Piłsudski. Since May 1919 he served as the manager of the Armoured Trains Construction Management and Association. His numerous successes in this field led to Prime Minister Leopold Skulski appointing him the Minister of the Railway system of the Republic of Poland. During this time Bartel met other significant and influential politicians and diplomats, most notably Prime Minister Wincenty Witos and Prime Minister Władysław Grabski. Following the Polish–Soviet War of 1920, Bartel was nominated as a lieutenant colonel and was left in charge of the railway reserve officers and the Lwów militia.〔http://www.pradzieje.klp.pl/slp-187.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kazimierz Bartel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|